Dynamo-electric or electro-dynamic machine



(No Model.) 3 eeeeeeeeeeee 1.

' E. THOMSON.

- DYNAMO ELECTRIC OR ELECTRO DYNAMIC MACHINE. No. 328,975. Patented Aug.11, 1885.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

E. THOMSON.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC 0R ELEGTRO DYNAMIC MACHINE.

' Patented Aug 11, 1885.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

E. THOMSON.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC OR ELECTED DYNAMIC MACHINE. No. 323,975. Patented Aug.11, 1885.

WW I

ELIIIU T11 OMSCN, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO THE THOMSON-IIOUSTON ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF CONNECTICUT.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC OR ELECTRO-DYNAMIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 323,975, dated August11. 1885.

Application filed September 10, 1884. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, ELlHU THOMSON, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of Lynn, in the county of Essex and State of Massachusetts,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamo-Electric orElectro-Dynamic Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in the construction ofdynamo-electric machines and motors, and more particularly to that classof machines in which the armature is made up from a series of bobbinsmounted on a suitable carrier or support, and moved bodily past thepoles of field-magnets.

In the form of machine herein illustrated the bobbins making up thearmature are wound upon suitable cores, independent of one another, andmounted and revolved so that the magnetic axes of the cores are carriedinto and out of coincidence with the magnetic axes of the cores for thefield or stationary magnet or magnets.

The commutator or collector and method of connecting the bobbins to oneanother and to said commutator or collector form no part of my presentinvention, and I have, therefore, omitted to describe them. As is wellunderstood by electricians, they admit of very many variations.

My present invention consists in the details of construction andcombinations of parts more particularly specified in the claims at theend of this specification.

Figure 1 is an elevation, and Fig. 2, a plan, of a machine constructedaccording to my in vention. Fig. 3 is a side view of afield-magnet coreunwound Fi I, a plan of the same, and Fig. 5 an end view looking towardthepole end. Fig. 6 shows in plan an edge view the shape of thesheet-metal pieces used in building up the pole-piece of thefield-magnet. Fig. 7 is an end view looking toward the pole end of thefiehLm-agnet with its pole-piece constructed of sheet-metal pieces, suchas shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a side view of such field-magnet, and Fig.9 a plan of the same. Fig. 10 shows in plan one of the sheet-metalplates from which the cores of "the armature-magnets are made. Fig. 11shows the same in edge view. Fig. 12 is a side view of a piece designedfor attachment to the sides of the core for an armaturemagnet; Fig, 18,an end view, and Fig. 14, a top view, of the same. Fig. 15 is an endview of a core for the armature-helix complete, looking toward its pole.Fig. 16 is a plan of the same. Figs. 17 and 18 are corresponding viewsshowing the core wound. Fig. 1) is an edge view of the. spiders by whichthe magnets making up the armature of the machine are carried, and showsone of the magnets in place. Fig. 20 is a side view of the spider andsingle magnet. Figs. 2L and 22 illustrate in side view a device which Iemploy for giving additional strength to the ar mature structure. Fig.23 illustrates a detail of construction.

B indicates the base of the machine, made of wood or metal, and F F ironmagnet yokes and standards supporting the beaiings of the armature shaftX, at one end of which latter is a pulley, I, and at the other acommutator, K.

Secured by bolting to the standards F F are the field-magnet cores andcoils M M M M whose pole-extensions A B A B are placed opposite oneanother, as shown, with a space between for the armature. The polesopposed as A B are of opposite polarity. Between these polar extensionsruns an armature, C C C, carried by the shaft X, and consisting of anon-magnetic frame or carrier keyed to the shaft, on or near theperiphery of which carrier are secured, as herein described, a set ofarmature coils or helices, wound each upon a compound core of iron,peculiarly made, as hereinafter set forth.

The novelties of construction I introduce render this type of machinevery efficient, where formerly it did not take a high rank amonggenerators of electricity.

Bods of brass or other non-magnetic substance Y Y serve to givestiffness to the frame work of the machine.

The details of construction are as follows I make the poles of themagnets M M M M of finely-divided iron, and for this purpose attachpole-extensions of thin sheet-iron of special shape. The iron core of M,as shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, has end flanges, ff, either cast orforged thereon or made of insulating material, and slipped on beforewindin Projecting from the core where the pole-extensions are to beattached is a piece, a, perforated, as shown, to receiveattaching-bolts. A number of strips or pieces of sheet-iron, shaped asin Fig. 6, and with holes to correspond to those in a, just described,are cut or punched and bent, as in the lower part of Fig. (i. The endsof each strip are cut away on a curved line, as shown, so that thevarious parts of the a1 mature, in revolving between the poles, maygradually come into and recede from close proximity with the pole-faceof the poles A B. Figs. 7, S, and 9 show how these strips are employedto build up the pole A. The magnets are placed (when wound) in thedynamo, as in Figs. 1 and 2, with the bent portions of A 15 toward eachother, and the tapered or cut-away portions tapering away from thearmature. The number of pieces, Fig. 6, to be used in constructing thepolar extensions A B is not definite, but it suflices to haveareasonably thorough division of the poles-such as may be secured byfifty pieces, for example, in each pole.

\Vith the construction just described, disagreeable hum, loss of powerby currents being set up in the field-poles, and other inc011 veniencesare avoided.

The armature of the machine is made up of anumber of electro-magnets,each having acore built up from a series of thin iron plates, H, shapedas shown in Fig. 10. The edges aof the plate are the pole edge, whilethe spaces 0 are for containing the wire wound upon the core. Inconstructing the armature core it is preferred (though not essential) tosupplement these by malleable-iron castings 1), applied to the sides ofthe core, of the form shown in the three views, Figs. 12, 13, and 14,and used as described herein.

Figs. 15 and 1t show a preferable form of the bobbin or helix corecomplete.

I prefer to build up the core from a number of bundles of the pieces H HH H, Figs. 10 and 11, separated from one another a small distance by anymeans-sueh as by washers d d d, of iron or wood, interposed. At each endof the compound pile of pieces is preferably used a piece, I), as shown,to round the ends of the bobbin and hold the wire to be wound thereon inplace. The flanges c c serve to hold the wire in place where it passesover the side of the compound core, while the bodyf is rounded, asindicated by the dotted line, Fig. 12, to form a good bearing for thewire in turning at the edge. The flanges y serve to hold in place thebolts which are employed in securing the electro-magnet to its carrieror frame.

The piece D could be made of brass or even insulating material, but aslight loss of magnetic power of the core would be incurred. It isconvenient to bolt the whole core so formed together by a center bolt(indicated in dotted lines) before windin g.

Figs. 17 and 18 show the armature-coil in place.

In the Figs. 15, 16, 17, 18, it will be noticed that spaces 8 a s ssexist at the sides of the coil. or core. These serve to permit thesecure fastening of the magnets to a pair of spiders or carriers, \V \V,Figs. 19 and 20, placed on the shaftX ofthe machine. Screw-boltsT T T TT pass through the aforementioned spaces .9 A long washer or strip, L L,of iron, brass, or insulator, is placed above and below the core andcoil 0, as in Fig. 19, at its portion where itis secured by thescrew-bolts T T, &c. These bolts pass into threaded holes made in bosseson the frame WV, as shown. All these holes are preferably cut or slitout laterally, as shown. The bolts '1 T are best made of tine steel. Thewashers L L are also slit out laterally from the holes where the boltsTpassthrough them. All points where metallic contacts could otherwisecxist are insulated, as around the bolts T T, and under their heads. Atthese points paper-covering or washers or a coating of err amel isinterposed. The pieces L L are not allowed to make contact with thespider NV, the bolts T, or the core H H, &c., separation being effectedby interposed paper, japan or enamel. Slits Z Z Z, &c., are cut atvarious points in the hub or carrier \V, the better to stop oil anypossible circulation of currents in it. The spiders, hubs, or carriers\V, secured to the shaft X, are made preferably of bronze. and ofsufticient mass to secure ample strength. As an additional safeguard,however, 1 sometimes provide. additional strength to resist centrifugaltendency, as illustrated in Figs. 21 and 22. Upon the parts 1) l), 1form lugs or projections t t, upon which are strung links V V, held inplace by a screw N, uniting two opposite links, V V, Fig. 22. Thisserves as an efticient binding to hold the coils O O in place; but forvery high speeds of driving I also place a band, G G, of brass orGerman-silver Wire wound over the whole exterior. This is insulated byresting on paper interposed between it and all metal portions of themachine. Despite this band, which is only wide enough to cover the coil0 so as not to extend over the screws T T laterally, any coil 0 may bereadily removed by taking out the screws T T, &c., which hold the coilin place, after which a lateral movement to either side releases thecoil and removes it from under the band G. Any coil may be removed forrepairs or replaeementin a few minutes. This and other constructionaladvantages are secured in my iuvcntion-such, for instance, as thewinding of the arn'iature-coils in an ordinary lathe.

It will, of course, be understood that for the purpose of still furtherimproving the subdivision of the armature magnet-cores the individualplates 11 may be separated from one another by thin strips of insulatingmaterial, as indicated at m, Fig. 23. This material may be paper or ashellac or other coating upon the metal.

NV hat I claim as my invention is- 1. In a dynamo-electric machine ormotor,

a field-magnet core having an extension, as a, and sheet-iron platessecured to said extension and forming the pole-pieces acting on thearmature.

2. In a dynamo-electric machine or motor, a field-magnet pole-piece,constructed from a number of superimposed sheet-iron plates, which areeach bent in a plane parallel to the plane of the rotation and having acurved edge presented to the armature.

3. The combination, with the field-magnet core, of the perforatedextension at, and a series of thin sheet-iron plates bolted to saidextension and forming the field-of-force polepiece.

4. In a dynamo-electric machine or motor, an armature having a series ofmagnets supported in a suitable frame and revolved bodily around theaxis of said frame, each of said magnets having a core composed of anumber of H-shaped pieces of iron mounted so that the edges of theirlegs shall form the poles of the magnets.

5. In a dynamo-electric machine or motor, an armature consisting of aframe carrying a series of electro-magnets, each consisting of a bundleor pile of H-shaped iron plates wound with insulated wire.

6. An armature-core mounted on a revolving carrier with its magneticaxis transverse to the plane of rotation, and provided with spaces, as s8, extending radially through its poles for the passage of bolts,whereby it may be fastened to its carrier.

7. The combination, with the armature-mag .nets mounted on a suitableframe with their magnetic axes parallel to the shaft, by which saidframe is revolved, of fastening-bolts passing radially through openingsin polar extensions of said magnets into the frame, as and for thepurpose described.

8. The combination, with a non-magnetic carrier mounted on a suitableshaft, of a series of magnets having their axes parallel to the shaft,the insulated plates or washers L L, and the fastening-bolts passingtransversely through the magnet poles and the plates L, as and for thepurpose described.

9. The combination, with the magnet-core, made up of a series of thinH-shaped pieces of iron, of the side plates, D, having rounded body, andretaining-flanges to keep the armature coils in place.

10. The combination, with a series of armature-magnets mounted on asuitable frame, of connectinglinks, as V, for the purpose described.

11. The combination, with the series of armature-magnets havinglaterally-projecting pins, of retaining-links strung on said pins, asand for the purpose described.

12. The combination, with a series of armature-magnets mounted on theperiphery of a suitable frame and parallel to the armatureshaft, ofbolts passing transversely through the poles of the magnets for securingthem to the frame, and a retaining-band, G, less in Width than thelength of the magnet-cores, so as to permit the easy removal of anarmature magnet or magnets, as and for the purpose described.

Signed at Lynn,in the county of Essex and State of Massachusetts, this1st day of September, A. D. 1884.

lVitnesses: ELIHU THOMSON.

W. 0. WAKEFIELD, A. L. RorrRER.

